2025
Fortetropin® as a Novel Nutraceutical Approach for Sarcopenia.
This white paper presents the results from a preclnical mouse study that evaluated whether daily oral Fortetropin mitigated the loss of mass in adult mice subjected to acute immobilization via hindlimb casting to induce muscle atrophy. Additionally, it presents findings from a clinical study in older adults (~66 years old) who received oral, daily Fortetropin and exhibited an 18% increase in muscle protein fractional synthetic rate compared to the placebo group.
2025
Fortetropin® as a Novel Nutraceutical for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)
This white paper presents the results from a preclnical study evaluating Fortetropin in a rodent model of FSHD. Fortetropin treated FSHD mice exhibited significant increases in total muscle mass and improved treadmill performance compared with vehicle treated FSHD controls.
2023
Effects of Fortetropin in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
Fortetropin® supplementation for 12 weeks in cats with CKD was well tolerated, with stable kidney function and no significant proteinuria. About 67% of the cats gained lean muscle mass, averaging +881 g.
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2022
The impact of fortetropin on safety and tolerability in retired horses.
Fortetropin® was well tolerated in a 2-week trial with retired horses at doses of 24 g and 48 g, with no adverse events reported.
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2022
Fortetropin supplementation prevents the rise in circulating myostatin but not disuse-induced muscle atrophy in young men with limb immobilization.
This randomized controlled trial showed that Fortetropin® supplementation (19.8 g/day) prevented the rise in circulating myostatin during 2 weeks of single-leg immobilization in young men.
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2021
Serum Myostatin in Dogs
Mean serum myostatin was not significantly lower in treatment groups of either low or high dose compared to placebo at any time point.
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2021
Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Fortetropin in Cats.
This safety and tolerability study (PDF) for Fortetropin® in cats found that daily doses between 1 g/day (~200 mg/kg) and 4 g/day (~800 mg/kg) over two weeks were well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects.
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2020
Evaluation of Fortetropin in geriatric and senior dogs with reduced mobility.
In a 12‑week, randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study in older dogs with reduced mobility, Fortetropin supplementation resulted in a small but statistically significant improvement in mobility scores (measured by the LOAD questionnaire) at both week 6 and week 12 compared to baseline.
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2020
Effects of Fortetropin on the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.
This randomized, double‑blind study in older adults (mean age ~66 years) showed that 21 days of Fortetropin® (19.8 g/day) increased the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of ~109 muscle proteins by about **18%** compared to placebo.
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2016
Investigating the Effects of Fertilized Egg Yolk Extract on Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation.
That DOI (10.1007/s40883-019-00137-y) corresponds to a **cell‑culture study** that looked at fertilized egg-yolk extract (from which Fortetropin is derived) on muscle cells (C2C12 myoblasts). The study found that the extract **promoted proliferation and differentiation** of the myoblasts in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that components of fertilized yolk can encourage muscle growth at a cellular level.
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2019
Fortetropin inhibits disuse muscle atrophy in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.
Dogs receiving Fortetropin had a similar increase in stance force on the affected limb, no significant increase in serum myostatin levels, and no significant reduction in thigh circumference at the end of the period of forced exercise restriction compared to placebo.
2016
The Effects of Fortetropin Supplementation on Body Composition, Strength, and Power in Humans and Mechanism of Action in a Rodent Model
Fortetropin acts by upregulating mTOR pathway (promoting muscle growth), downregulating Ubiquitin pathway (slowing muscle degradation), and lowering myostatin levels (promoting muscle growth).
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2015
The Impact of Fertilization on the Chicken Egg Yolk Plasma and Granule Proteome.
This study analyzed the protein composition of fertilized versus unfertilized chicken egg yolks 24 hours post-lay and identified 225 proteins. Fertilization altered the abundance of specific proteins, with 9 being up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Notably, proteins associated with angiogenesis and immune defense, such as pleiotrophin, β-defensin‑11, and mannose-binding lectin, were more abundant in fertilized yolks. These findings suggest that fertilized yolks could serve as a richer source of pro-angiogenic and antimicrobial proteins.
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